The remaining Afghans are culturally Persian and Turkic. Archaeological exploration done in the 20th century suggests that the geographical area of Afghanistan has been closely connected by culture and trade with its neighbors to the east, west, and north. [133][134][135] The majority of Afghans supported the American invasion of their country. Endemic flora include Iris afghanica. A totally destroyed section of Kabul in 1993. The National Assembly is the legislature, a bicameral body having two chambers, the House of the People and the House of Elders. Afghanistan remains one of the poorest countries in the world because of a lack of foreign investment, government corruption, and the Taliban insurgency. Afghanistan Military Strength (2020) Despite over a decade of funding and trainingby the U.S. and Western allies, the costly Afghanistan invasion of 2001 continues to haunt the country on many levels - as instability rages on. Army, Navy, USAF, USMC, Space Force, Nuclear Weapons, Missile Defense. Afghanistan's sports teams are increasingly celebrating titles at international events. [355] In the southern and eastern region, the people live according to the Pashtun culture by following Pashtunwali (the Pashtun way). Attempts were made, often with the support of foreign donor countries, to improve the country's economy, healthcare, education, transport, and agriculture. Khushal Khan Khattak of the 17th century is considered the national poet. [23][24][25][26][27] Aśvakan literally means "horsemen", "horse breeders", or "cavalrymen" (from aśva or aspa, the Sanskrit and Avestan words for "horse"). GUTMAN, Roy (2008): How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan, Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace, 1st ed., Washington D.C. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. In 2016, Afghanistan had 0.43 global hectares[303] of biocapacity per person within its territory, much less than the world average of 1.6 global hectares per person. Parliamentary elections have only one round and are based on the single non-transferable vote system, which allows some candidates to be elected with as little as one percent of the vote. The lower areas of northern and western Afghanistan are the driest, with precipitation more common in the east. [284] The country is known for producing pomegranates, grapes, apricots, melons, and several other fresh and dry fruits. [132], In October 2001, the United States invaded Afghanistan to remove the Taliban from power after they refused to hand over Osama Bin Laden, the prime suspect of the September 11 attacks, who was a "guest" of the Taliban and was operating his al-Qaeda network in Afghanistan. Taxis are yellow in color and consist of both cars and auto rickshaws. Under the rule of Shah Rukh the city served as the focal point of the Timurid Renaissance, whose glory matched Florence of the Italian Renaissance as the center of a cultural rebirth. In Afghanistan, Nowruz is typically celebrated with music and dance, as well as holding buzkashi tournaments. Their decline began 60 years after Ashoka's rule ended, leading to the Hellenistic reconquest by the Greco-Bactrians. [21][22] In the First Anglo-Afghan War, the British East India Company seized control of Afghanistan briefly, but following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence, eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan, until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established. In more detail, it extended from what today is northwest Pakistan to northwest India and northeast Afghanistan. The Border Police is responsible for securing and maintaining the nation's borders with neighboring states as well as all international airports within the country. [64] Mirwais died of natural causes in 1715 and was succeeded by his brother Abdul Aziz, who was soon killed by Mirwais' son Mahmud for treason. [307] However electricity is not always reliable and blackouts happen, including in Kabul. Cricket and association football are the two most popular sports in the country. Close relations with the Muslim states Turkey, the Kingdom of Iraq and Iran/Persia were also pursued, while further international relations were sought by joining the League of Nations in 1934. Following the conquest by Mauryan Indians, Buddhism and Hinduism flourished in the region for centuries. "[302], Access to biocapacity in Afghanistan is lower than world average. Important dams include the Kajaki Dam, Dahla Dam, and the Sardeh Band Dam. The National Military Academy of Afghanistan, modeled after the United States Military Academy at West Point, is a four-year military development institution dedicated to graduating officers for the Afghan Armed Forces. [293] The United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimated in 2006 that northern Afghanistan has an average 460 million m3 (2.9 billion bbl) of crude oil, 440 billion m3 (15.7 trillion cu ft) of natural gas, and 67 billion L (562 million US bbl) of natural gas liquids. However, Afghanistan remained neutral and was neither a participant in World War II nor aligned with either power bloc in the Cold War thereafter. [290][291][296] The Khanashin carbonatite in Helmand Province contains 1,000,000 tonnes (980,000 long tons; 1,100,000 short tons) of rare earth elements. [205] Some Afghans retain some ability of Russian, which was taught to public schools during the 1980s. [114] The Taliban emerged in September 1994 as a movement and militia of students (talib) from Islamic madrassas (schools) in Pakistan,[113][115] who soon had military support from Pakistan. [348] In spite of all this, many Afghans travel to Pakistan and India for advanced treatment. The provincial governors are appointed by the President of Afghanistan, and the district governors are selected by the provincial governors. The agreement ended months-long political deadlock in the country. [216], The only city with over a million residents is its capital, Kabul, located in the east of the country. Amid a state of anarchy and factional infighting,[109][110][111] various mujahideen factions committed widespread rape, murder and extortion,[110][112][113] while Kabul was heavily bombarded and partially destroyed by the fighting. [369] The Mazari hat originates from northern Afghanistan.[370]. It quickly turned into a proxy war as the Pakistani government provided these rebels with covert training centers, the United States supported them through Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI),[87] and the Soviet Union sent thousands of military advisers to support the PDPA regime. The Afghanistan national football team has been competing in international football since 1941. The current population growth rate is 2.37%,[9] one of the highest in the world outside of Africa. Afghans clean a broken window of a destroyed house after an attack in Kabul, Afghanistan, Tuesday, Jan. 15, 2019. Ancient cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation. [203] English is also understood by some of the population,[204] and has been gaining popularity as of the 2000s. The Zunbils and Kabul Shahi were first conquered in 870 CE by the Saffarid Muslims of Zaranj. [324] It is the only land route that connects Central Asia to the Indian subcontinent. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, 15th least developed country in the world, Indian Institute of Health Management Research, 2010 ICC World Cricket League Division One, Alokozay Kabul International Cricket Ground, Ghazi Amanullah Khan International Cricket Stadium, "Article Sixteen of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan", "South Asia :: Afghanistan – the World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, "Afghanistan: A Treasure Trove for Archaeologists", "Chronological History of Afghanistan – the cradle of Gandharan civilisation", https://unama.unmissions.org/afghanistan-and-silk-road-land-heart-world-trade-bijan-omrani, https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/countries-alongside-silk-road-routes/afghanistan, "The Geographical Part of the NUZHAT-AL-QULUB", "Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: Peoples and Languages of Nuristan", "Obama's war: Deploying 17,000 raises stakes in Afghanistan", "Chapter 200: Translation of the Introduction to Firishta's History", "A Literary History of Persia, Volume 4: Modern Times (1500–1924), Chapter IV. [226], Under the 2004 constitution, both presidential and parliamentary elections are to be held every five years. [45][46], Arab Muslims brought Islam to Herat and Zaranj in 642 CE and began spreading eastward; some of the native inhabitants they encountered accepted it while others revolted. It has $2.8 billion in external debt. The Supreme Court is led by Chief Justice Said Yusuf Halem, the former Deputy Minister of Justice for Legal Affairs. [404], Yaldā, another nationally celebrated ancient tradition,[405] commemorates the ancient goddess Mithra and marks the longest night of the year on the eve of the winter solstice (čelle ye zemestān; usually falling on 20 or 21 December),[406][407] during which families gather together to recite poetry and eat fruits—particularly the red fruits watermelon and pomegranate, as well as mixed nuts. [299] The state-run Steel Authority of India won the mining rights to develop the huge Hajigak iron ore deposit in central Afghanistan. [263][264] However an ancient tradition involving male homosexual acts between youngsters and older men (typically wealthy or elite people) called bacha bazi persists. [9] The service sector contributed the most to the GDP (55.9%) followed by agriculture (23%) and industry (21.1%). The Hindu Kush ends at the west-central highlands, creating plains in the north and southwest, namely the Turkestan Plains and the Sistan Basin; these two regions consist of rolling grasslands and semi-deserts, and hot windy deserts, respectively. Air transport in Afghanistan is provided by the national carrier, Ariana Afghan Airlines,[328] and by the private company Kam Air. A cloak reputedly worn by Islam's prophet Muhammad is kept inside the Shrine of the Cloak in Kandahar, a city founded by Alexander and the first capital of Afghanistan. Both main literatures, from the second half of the nineteenth century, have shown themselves to be sensitive to genres (novel, theater), movements and stylistic features imported from Europe. [211] There was a small Jewish community in Afghanistan who had emigrated to Israel and the United States by the end of the twentieth century; at least one Jew, Zablon Simintov, remains, who is the caretaker of the only remaining synagogue. There is no coastline, as Afghanistan is landlocked. [71][72] Following an uprising, the 1842 retreat from Kabul of British-Indian forces and the annihilation of Elphinstone's army, and the Battle of Kabul that led to its recapture, the British placed Dost Mohammad Khan back into power and withdrew their military forces from Afghanistan. After 2000 BCE, successive waves of semi-nomadic people from Central Asia began moving south into Afghanistan; among them were many Indo-European-speaking Indo-Iranians. This is one of the lowest figures in the world; in Asia it is only higher than Cambodia, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The percentages given are estimates only, as accurate and current statistical data on ethnicity are not available. [265][266][267], On August 14, 2020, UN Human Rights Council experts issued a joint statement urging Afghanistan officials to prevent the killings of human rights defenders as there have been nine deaths of human rights defenders since January 2020. The National Military Command Center in Kabul serves as the headquarters of the Afghan armed forces. After his death, they rebelled and divided up the provinces of the empire between themselves. [213][214], As estimated by the CIA World Factbook, 26% of the population was urbanized as of 2020. They were defeated and expelled by the Indo-Scythians in the late 2nd century BCE.[4][41]. [136][137] During the initial invasion, US and UK forces bombed al-Qaeda training camps, and later working with the Northern Alliance, the Taliban regime came to an end. [105] After the Soviet withdrawal, the civil war ensued until the communist regime under People's Democratic Party leader Mohammad Najibullah collapsed in 1992. [66] He defeated the Indian Maratha Empire, and one of his biggest victories was the 1761 Battle of Panipat. In October 1772, Durrani died of natural causes and was buried at a site now adjacent to the Shrine of the Cloak in Kandahar. [181][182] However, two-thirds of the country's water flows into the neighboring countries of Iran, Pakistan, and Turkmenistan. Afghanistan is a unitary presidential Islamic republic. Da Afghanistan Bank serves as the central bank of the nation[272] and the "Afghani" (AFN) is the national currency, with an exchange rate of about 75 Afghanis to 1 US dollar. [9] The lowest point lies in Jowzjan Province along the Amu River bank, at 258 m (846 ft) above sea level. Afghanistan - Afghanistan - Political process: Those government institutions established during the reign of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (1880–1901) laid the groundwork for the modern Afghan state. [40], Alexander the Great and his Macedonian forces arrived in Afghanistan in 330 BCE after defeating Darius III of Persia a year earlier in the Battle of Gaugamela. In the mid-to-late first century CE the vast Kushan Empire, centered in Afghanistan, became great patrons of Buddhist culture, making Buddhism flourish throughout the region. [420] It is similar to polo, played by horsemen in two teams, each trying to grab and hold a goat carcass. [232][233] In the same period, Afghanistan became the 30th highest nation in terms of female representation in the National Assembly. Afghanistan Military Power 2019 How Powerful is Afghanistan? Urban civilization is believed to have begun as early as 3000 BCE, and the early city of Mundigak (near Kandahar in the south of the country) was a center of the Helmand culture. The U.S. closed five military bases in Afghanistan as part of an agreement signed with the Taliban more than four months ago, a U.S. official confirmed to Fox News. [396], Afghan cuisine is largely based upon the nation's chief crops, such as wheat, maize, barley and rice. [350] It was reported recently that about 80,000 people are missing limbs. [245] Today, several NATO member states deploy about 17,000 troops in Afghanistan as part of the Resolute Support Mission. The country has three rail links: one, a 75-kilometer (47 mi) line from Mazar-i-Sharif to the Uzbekistan border;[329] a 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) long line from Toraghundi to the Turkmenistan border (where it continues as part of Turkmen Railways); and a short link from Aqina across the Turkmen border to Kerki, which is planned to be extended further across Afghanistan. There are over 16,000 schools in the country and roughly 9 million students. [326] Traveling by bus in Afghanistan remains dangerous due to militant activities.[327]. [382][383] A notable art style that developed in Afghanistan and eastern Pakistan is Gandhara Art, produced by a fusion of Greco-Roman art and Buddhist art between the 1st and 7th centuries CE. [229] The 2014 presidential election ended with Ashraf Ghani winning by 56.44% of the votes. [336] In rural Afghanistan, villagers often use donkeys, mules or horses to transport or carry goods. In this video, we have compared some statistics of the Military of these two countries. Military expenditures: This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). The first Afghan newspaper was published in 1873,[386] and there are hundreds of print outlets today. [257], According to Global Rights, almost 90% of women in Afghanistan have experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse or forced marriage. A key force behind these reforms was Mahmud Tarzi, an ardent supporter of the education of women. Although proximate to India, Afghanistan is mostly outside the monsoon zone,[176] apart from Nuristan Province which occasionally receives summer monsoon rain. Journalists in Afghanistan face threat from both the security forces and insurgents. [416] In 2012, the country's 3x3 basketball team won the gold medal at the 2012 Asian Beach Games. Each district is represented by a district governor. [390] The stereotypes of Afghans in India (Kabuliwala or Pathani) has also been represented in some Bollywood films by actors. The intentions of … "Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012–2018", https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS?end=2018&locations=AF&start=2005&view=chart, "Afghanistan Has Capacity To Produce 310,000MW Power", "Afghanistan Resurrects its Largest Hydropower Plant Toward a Brighter Future", "Power to the People: How to extend Afghans' access to electricity", "The Power of Nature: How Renewable Energy is Changing Lives in Afghanistan", "20,000 foreign tourists visit Afghanistan annually", "Coronavirus shatters tourism hopes in Afghanistan's Bamyan province", "More than 200,000 tourists visit Bamyan this year", "When Afghanistan was just a laid-back highlight on the hippie trail", "Bamyan, First Ever Cultural Capital of South Asia: A big party, but what else? [89], In September 1979, PDPA General Secretary Taraki was assassinated in an internal coup orchestrated by fellow Khalq member, then-Prime minister Hafizullah Amin, who assumed the new general secretary of the People's Democratic Party. Afghanistan had, therefore, good relations with both Cold War enemies. Improvements to the business environment have resulted in more than $1.5 billion in telecom investment and created more than 100,000 jobs since 2003. [394], Attan is the national dance of Afghanistan, a group dance popularly performed by Afghans of all backgrounds. During the first century BCE, the Parthian Empire subjugated the region but lost it to their Indo-Parthian vassals. The nation is led by President Ashraf Ghani with Amrullah Saleh and Sarwar Danish as vice presidents. The population of Afghanistan was estimated at 32.9 million as of 2019 by the Afghanistan Statistics and Information Authority,[195] whereas the UN estimates over 38.0 million. [366], In the villages, families typically occupy mudbrick houses, or compounds with mudbrick or stone walled houses. [65] Durrani and his Afghan army conquered much of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Khorasan and Kohistan provinces of Iran, and Delhi in India. [185] The last strong earthquakes were in 1998, which killed about 6,000 people in Badakhshan near Tajikistan. He was known as the Iron Amir for his features and his ruthless methods against tribes. The finalized Global Firepower ranking below utilizes over 50 individual factors to determine a given nation's PowerIndex ('PwrIndx') score with categories ranging from military might and financials to logistical capability and geography. Military Strength and Comparison 28,812 views. By Kemel Toktomushev. By the middle of the 6th century BCE, the Achaemenids overthrew the Medes and incorporated Arachosia, Aria, and Bactria within its eastern boundaries. The Soviet Union’s military foray into Afghanistan was disastrous by nearly every measure, but perhaps the worst single ... but it isn’t the first global power to wage an unsuccessful war there. [52] The Ghaznavid dynasty was overthrown by the Ghurids, whose architectural achievements included the remote Minaret of Jam. [270], While the nation's current account deficit is largely financed with donor money, only a small portion is provided directly to the government budget. The Mauryans controlled the area south of the Hindu Kush until they were overthrown in about 185 BCE. [359] There are various Afghan tribes, and an estimated 2–3 million nomads. The country has more than 3,000 midwives, with an additional 300 to 400 being trained each year.[346]. Afghanistan's economy is the world's 96th largest, with a gross domestic product (GDP) of $72.9 billion by purchasing power parity; the country fares much worse in terms of per-capita GDP (PPP), ranking 169th out of 186 countries as of 2018. [53], In 1219 AD, Genghis Khan and his Mongol army overran the region. [184] They can be deadly and destructive, causing landslides in some parts or avalanches during the winter. There are a number of smaller regional languages, including Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi, Pashayi, and Nuristani. [160][161] Thousands of NATO troops remained in the country to train and advise Afghan government forces[162] and continue their fight against the Taliban. In late 1994, most of the militia factions (Hezb-i Islami, Junbish-i Milli and Hezb-i Wahdat) which had been fighting in the battle for control of Kabul were defeated militarily by forces of the Islamic State's Secretary of Defense Ahmad Shah Massoud . A further 10 other ethnic groups are recognized and each are represented in the Afghan National Anthem. Europe's 4 Deadliest Military Powers . He was succeeded by his son, Timur Shah, who transferred the capital of Afghanistan from Kandahar to Kabul in 1776, with Peshawar becoming the winter capital. The situation in the country deteriorated under Amin and thousands of people went missing. The country sits at a unique nexus point where numerous civilizations have interacted and often fought. The GFP country comparison form is provided to allow you to make direct, side-by-side comparisons of any two world powers represented in the GFP database. [341], As of 2018 the literacy rate of the population age 15 and older is 43.02% (males 55.48% and females 29.81%). [15] Settled life emerged in the region 9,000 years ago, evolving gradually into the Indus civilization (Shortugai site), the Oxus civilization (Dashlyji site), and the Helmand civilization (Mundigak site) of the 3rd millennium BCE. Following Alexander's brief occupation, the successor state of the Seleucid Empire controlled the region until 305 BCE when they gave much of it to the Maurya Empire as part of an alliance treaty. In a report this month, the American inspector general for Afghanistan said Afghan military strength was at its lowest level since January 2015. [81], Mohammed Zahir Shah, Nadir Shah's 19-year-old son, succeeded to the throne and reigned from 1933 to 1973. [308] In recent years an increasing number of solar, biomass and wind power plants have been constructed. [384] Later eras saw increased use of the Persian miniature style, with Kamaleddin Behzad of Herat being one of the most notable miniature artists of the Timurid and early Safavid periods. Afghanistan had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 8.85/10, ranking it 15th globally out of 172 countries.[192]. In the north of the country is the Shrine of Ali, believed by many to be the location where Ali was buried. Afghans have long been accustomed to watching Indian Bollywood films and listening to its filmi songs. The rubab is the country's national instrument and precurses the Indian sarod instrument. [286], Saffron, the most expensive spice, grows in Afghanistan, particularly Herat Province. [250] Afghanistan is also the world's leading producer of opium. Afghanistan has around 350 radio stations and over 200 television stations. [206] The CIA Factbook variously estimates up to 89.7% Sunni or up to 15% Shia. On a per capita basis, Afghanistan received more Soviet development aid than any other country. The Afghan people are known to be strongly religious. Despite having numerous rivers and reservoirs, large parts of the country are dry. [176] The country imports over $7 billion worth of goods but exports only $784 million, mainly fruits and nuts. pp.96, Periods of World History: A Latin American Perspective – Page 129, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia – Page 465, The Oxford Dictionary of Islam by John L. Esposito, p.71. The talks were intended to create a power-sharing agreement for Afghanistan and for a permanent ceasefire. [304] In 2016 Afghanistan used 0.73 global hectares of biocapacity per person - their ecological footprint of consumption. Two of the four capitals of Khorasan (Herat and Balkh) are now located in Afghanistan, while the regions of Kandahar, Zabulistan, Ghazni, Kabulistan, and Afghanistan formed the frontier between Khorasan and Hindustan. [79] Prince Mohammed Nadir Shah, Amanullah's cousin, in turn defeated and killed Kalakani in October 1929, and was declared King Nadir Shah. [323] A key portion of the Ring Road is the Salang Tunnel, completed in 1964, which facilitates travel through the Hindu Kush mountain range and connects northern and southern Afghanistan. [273] A number of local and foreign banks operate in the country, including the Afghanistan International Bank, New Kabul Bank, Azizi Bank, Pashtany Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, and the First Micro Finance Bank. By 1996, most of the country was captured by the Islamic fundamentalist Taliban, who ruled as a totalitarian regime for over five years; they were removed from power after the US invasion in 2001 but still control a significant portion of the country. [408][409], Religious festivals are also celebrated; as a predominantly Muslim country, Islamic events and festivals such as Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr and Ashura are widely celebrated annually in Afghanistan. [385] Radio Television Afghanistan, originating from 1925, is the state public broadcaster. 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