Alder is frequently used by Native Americans for making masks, bowls, tool handles, and other small goods. (1979). You may need to martial inner conflict. Alnus rubra are occasionally planted as ornamental trees and will do well in Swales, riparian areas, or on stream banks, in light-textured soils that drain well. Red alder are mature at 60 to … A red alder tree falling over into a stream creates hiding places for young salmon. For the Southern African tree, see. Common Name(s): Red alder, western red alder. Red alder is a medium-sized broadleaf tree that grows up to 24 metres. Red alder is a member of the Betulaceae family. Has glossy green leaves with a sharp toothed margin and the young shoots are reddish in colour and enclosed in two large spoon-shaped stipules. The tree likes sun to half-shade at the location and the soil should be sandy to loamy. The systematics of the American species of Alnus. Male catkins are dark yellow-brown in colour, and are up to 5 cm. Latin name: Alnus rubra Bong. Black Alder: Mostly found in Europe, this type of alder tree is known for its height. It is a short-lived tree with rapid growth in the first years. Provenances of red alder from the Cascade Mountains and British Columbia do well here. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194598A2351803.en, Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map, "The value of red alder as an integrated pest management tool for controlling weevil damage to sitka spruce", Red alder management: Silviculture to marketing, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alnus_rubra&oldid=982919885, Trees of the West Coast of the United States, Articles with incomplete citations from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 October 2020, at 05:12. In moist forest areas Alnus rubra will rapidly cover a former burn or clearcut, often preventing the establishment of conifers. Recent clinical studies have verified that red alder contains betulin and lupeol, compounds shown to be effective against a variety of tumors.[11]. © Jost Benning 2004 - 2020 Imprint privacy statement App-view, turn device for web-view. Red Alders are the largest species of their genus, growing to 30 m tall. Red Alder wood is soft and even-grained and is used particularly for firewood, but Native Americans have used it for a variety of small items such as bowls and rattles. A. oregona Nutt.] Zone 0; Zone 1; Zone 2; Zone 3; Zone 4; Zone 5; Zone 6; Zone 7; Zone 8; Zone 9; A hardiness zone is a geographically defined area where a given plant is capable of growing. tenuifolia). Red alder is occasionally used as a rotation crop to discourage the conifer root pathogen Phellinus weirii (Laminated root rot). in length, the female flowers are much smaller in size, and are red, erect and cone-like in shape. Alder trees and shrubs (Alnus spp.) Red Alder: This is the largest species that can grow to nearly 80 feet at its peak. Beaver occasionally eat the bark, though it is not a preferred species. The male flowers (catkins) are strikingly long, the female flowers are often upright. It is a prolific seed producer, but the small, wind-dispersed seeds require an open area of mineral soil to germinate, and so skid trails and other areas disturbed by logging or fire are ideal seedbeds. ), red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera), Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia), and bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum). Therefore, it appears Native: Introduced: Both ... Alnus Mill. [2][5][6], Red alder is the largest species of alder in North America and one of the largest in the world, reaching heights of 20 to 30 m (66 to 98 ft). Red alder is the Pacific Northwest's largest alder and the most plentiful and commercially important broad-leaved tree in the coastal Northwest. – alder Species: Alnus rubra Bong. The Red Alder is botanically called Alnus rubra. Red alder is a medium-sized (<40 m tall), deciduous broad-leaved tree at maturity with a narrow rounded crown, straight, slightly tapered stem, and smooth, light gray bark. Alders add nitrogen to the soil in the manner of legumes, and decomposing alder leaves improve soil structure. [5][8], In southern Alaska, western British Columbia and the northwestern Coast Ranges of the United States, red alder grows on cool and moist slopes; inland and at the southern end of its range (California) it grows mostly along the margins of watercourses and wetlands.[9]. The bark is mottled, ashy-gray and smooth, often colonized by white lichen and moss. Tree types grow 40 to 80 feet (12 to 24 m.) tall, and include the red and white alders. Native Americans used red alder bark (Alnus rubra) to treat poison oak, insect bites, and skin irritations. overview leaves | overview blossomsoverview fruit | overview trunkoverview winter | overview trees, back to trees by common name | trees by botanical name | conifers by common name | conifers by botanical name | German: baumportal.de, © Jost Benning | Imprint | jowaca digital solutions. The male flowers are dangling reddish catkins 10 to 15 cm (3.9 to 5.9 in) long in early spring. Red alder appears to have geographic pat-terns of genetic variation that are similar to those of sympatric conifer species indigenous to the Pacific Northwest (Ager 1987). It is distinguished from White Alder (A. rhombifolia) which has leaves that are green to yellow-green above and paler green below, and margins that are finely serrated or doubly serrated and not revolute. Alder leaves are shed while still green. These are fast-growing trees and shrubs, so they can be used to help fill in a landscape and provide shade sooner than other species. It is easily worked, glues well, and takes a good finish. Furlow, J. Alder bark is thin and gray, and although smooth, often has an abundant growth of lichens of several genera. Find the perfect red alder tree stock photo. In the open, its crown starts near the ground, giving it a broad cone shape. This association allows alder to grow in nitrogen-poor soils. No need to register, buy now! The seeds develop between the woody bracts of the 'cones' and are shed in late autumn and winter. Range: Alaska to California. Red Alder is a host to nitrogen-fixing bacteria that form nodules on tree roots. In the forest, it develops a slightly tapered trunk extending up to a narrow, rounded crown. Hardiness zone(s) 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. This species is called red alder because the scraped or bruised tree barks develop a bright rusty reddish hue. Red alder is a deciduous hardwood tree which can be found all along the Oregon coast. This self-fertilizing trait allows red alder to grow rapidly, and makes it effective in covering disturbed and/or degraded land, such as mine spoils. Red alder is the tallest of the native alder species. [15] Red alder's rapid early growth can interfere with establishment of conifer plantations[16] Herbicide spraying of red alder over large areas of coastal Oregon and Washington has resulted in a number of lawsuits claiming this spraying has caused health problems, including birth defects and other human health effects. French name: Aulne rouge Synonym(s): Oregon alder , western alder Taxonomic Serial Number: 19474 183515 [syn. The average tree can grow up to 80 feet (24.3 m), obtaining nearly half its potential height in the first five years of life. It is restricted in Canada to a narrow band within 150 km of the Pacific coast. The leaves on a red alder are tightly rolled under along the edges, while those on a white alder are more flat. It makes a wind firm and pleasant looking edge to coniferous mono cultures. The Red Alder is the most common hardwood tree in the Pacific Northwest. Female flowers occur in clusters of (3) 4–6 (8). The small brownish cones of the red alder are the fruit of the tree that remain over the winter months. It is a slender, elegant tree with a neat, cone shaped canopy unlike some other Alders, it doesn't tend to produce suckers. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. It is also the most common and important of the hardwoods in the Pacific Northwest.Size, Longevity, and Form Mature red alder trees are typically 70 to 120 ft in height (130 ft maximum) and 10 to 34 in. is a deciduous broadleaf tree native to western North America (Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho and Montana). When cut, the inner bark turns rusty red, thus giving the tree its name. Male catkins with tiny female catkins above, "Red alder" redirects here. It has elegant, long red catkins in spring and small cones that are densely packed with seeds in the fall. Tree Size: 100-130 ft (30-40 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1 m) trunk diameter. Distribution: Coastal western North America. [14] Increasing value of alder logs, combined with a better understanding of the species' ecological role, has led some land managers to tolerate and, in some cases, manage for alder. The oval-shaped leaves have pointed tips and coarsely toothed edges that tend to curl under. The appearance of alder lumber ranges from white through pinkish to light brown, has a relatively soft texture, minimal grain, and has medium luster. Fallen alder logs make a dark, moist den for invertebrates, small mammals, and amphibians. Tree Magick by Gillian Kemp . botany plants antique engraving illustration: alnus glutinosa (common alder, black alder, european alder, alder) - red alder tree stock illustrations This is a mountain forest with a variety of plants, They consist of Western Hemlock, Red Alder, Pacific Dogwood and Vine Maple. In the Landscape: Although many consider Red Alder a “weed” tree because it will often invade landscapes, this tree is the first choice for ecological restoration. In the world of musical instrument construction, red alder is valued by some electric guitar / electric bass builders for its balanced tonality. The cones become woody , first they are green and later dark brown to black. Red alder seeds have a membranous winged margin that allows long-distance dispersal. in diameter (70 in. The Alder Tree, a symbol of strength and battle, shows that you will win a battle. The flowers are small and creamy white clustered along a flower stalk (like a bottle-brush). A russet dye can be made from a decoction of the bark and was used by Native Americans to dye fishing nets so as to make them less visible underwater. Alnus rubra is an important early colonizer of disturbed forests and riparian areas mainly because of its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. Red alder is a deciduous tree native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. The branches are red-brown, the buds are reddish brown, narrow and pointed. Several finches eat alder seeds, notably common redpoll and pine siskin, and as do deer mice. Alder leaves, shed in the fall, decay readily to form a nitrogen-enriched humus. sinuata), and east of the Cascade Mountains by thinleaf alder (Alnus incana subsp. Almost all of them are deciduous. Red alder wood is moderately dense, and uniformly textured. The nutrients released from the rotting wood are taken up by plants, fungi, and animals, recycling the body of the alder tree … Red Alder Tree, Vancouver Island, to learn more about Vancouver Island, visit http://www.askbud.ca Other articles where Red alder is discussed: alder: …North American alders are the red alder (A. rubra, or A. oregona), a tall tree whose leaves have rusty hairs on their lower surfaces; the white, or Sierra, alder (A. rhombifolia), an early-flowering tree with orange-red twigs and buds; the speckled alder (A. rugosa), a small tree with conspicuous whitish,… Alnus rubra, the red alder, is a deciduous broadleaf tree native to western North America (Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho and Montana). The male and female flowers appear before the leaves and produce male and female hanging catkins. Red Alder Overview. Red alder grows rapidly and is often found in sites rich in nutrients including stream banks. Female catkins are erect during anthesis, but otherwise pendant. At 6 mm. These fast-growing trees often grow 1 meter per year until 20 years of age. Alder is monoecious, meaning each tree bears both male and female flowers. The official tallest red alder (1979) stands 32 m (105 ft) tall in Clatsop County, Oregon (US). However it is now becoming one of the more popular hardwood alternatives as it is economically priced compared to many other hardwoods. The most common broad-leaf tree in British Columbia; medium sized and grows up to 24 meters tall. The leaves turn yellow in the autumn before falling. A tall evergreen tree that naturally occurs in watercourses and damp areas in South Africa. Blackfeet Indians used an infusion made from the bark of red alder to treat lymphatic disorders and tuberculosis. They do love areas with moist or wet soil with good drainage if available. Red alder does not thrive in heavy, wet clay soils. Average Dried Weight: 28 lbs/ft 3 (450 kg/m 3) Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.37, 0.45. Twigs and buds of alder are only fair browse for wildlife, though deer and elk do browse the twigs in fall and twigs and buds in the winter and spring. You can distinguish these two trees by their leaves. [18] This interest is limited by red alder's total stand productivity, which is significantly lower than that of Douglas-fir and western hemlock. The trunk of one of these giants may be a meter in diameter. Sitka Alder: It has thin leaves and grows to about 25 feet in height at its full maturity. The Red Alder is a medium sized tree, usually reaching 45-50ft but it in ideal conditions can be up to 90 ft. long when they are fully open. Alnus rubra is quite decorative in spring, when the bare branches are festooned with long red … but due to its workability and ease of finishing it is increasingly used for furniture and cabinetry. red alder General Information; Symbol: ALRU2 Group: Dicot ... Perennial: Growth Habit: Tree: Native Status: AK N CAN N L48 N: Characteristics: Plant Guide. Red alder shows rapid juvenile growth, but is relatively short-lived — usually decadent at 40 years and rarely older than 60 years. Red alder is immune to Phellinus weirii, a root disease that kills Douglas-fir and other conifers. Eight species of alder are native to North America; Oregon has four: red, white, Sitka, and thinleaf, but only two commonly reach tree size - and only red alder … Nurse stands of red alder may also reduce spruce weevil damage in Sitka spruce stands on the Olympic Peninsula [17] Alder continues to attract interest as log values approach and often exceed those of Douglas-fir. Alders are members of the birch family (Betulaceae). Red Alder (Alnus rubra) The Red Alder tree is a west coast species reaching heights of 70 to 120 feet. To distinguish red alder trees from their counterparts, it is important to note that they are a broad-leaf tree with a medium size and the ability to grow up to 24 meters. They are sometimes used as shrubs for privacy or wind protection. Alnus rubra, the red alder,[3][4] The cones are similar in size to the female catkins and stay on the tree throughout winter. Red Alder (Alnus Rubra) from the North-west American coastal belt this hardy deciduous pioneer is a natural companion to several familiar British grown conifers such as Douglas fir and Sitka spruce. It is a thin tree with a smooth gray bark often mottled by patches of white or encrusted with lichen. Of the ten species of Alnus native to the United States, red alder is the only one that reaches commercial size and abundance. Because of its oily smoke, A. rubra is the wood of choice for smoking salmon. In addition to adding soil nitrogen, rotations of red alder are used to reduce laminated root rot (Phellinus weirii) in Douglas-fir forests. Red alder has the capability to fix atmospher-ic nitrogen, thereby enriching the soils for more climax tree species. Because it is softer than other popular hardwoods such as maple, walnut and ash, historically alder has not been considered of high value for timber. To the southeast of its range it is replaced by white alder (Alnus rhombifolia), which is a tree of similar stature, but which differs in the leaf margins not being rolled under, lack of distinct lobes, and lack of membranous wings on seed margins. The leaves are ovate, pointed, and is about 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Red alder is associated with coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. With a current inventory of about 7.4 billion cubic feet, red alder comprises 60 percent of the total hardwood volume in the Pacific Northwest, and is by far the most valuable hardwood in term of diversity of products, commercial value, and manufacturing employment. This alder is widespread and based in Alaska, North America and Western Canada. They can also be found in the Pacific Northwest. Data Source and Documentation: About our new maps. The red alder is a fast growing tree but only lives 40 to 60 years. are found in the Betulaceae (birch family). The Alder's orange-red sap is … If the roots are established, they can tolerate a little drought. The name derives from the bright rusty red color that develops in bruised or scraped bark. Alder lumber is not considered to be a durable option for outdoor applications,[who?] The leaf margin is serrated and the leaf arrangement is alternate. They develop into small, woody, superficially cone-like oval dry fruit 2 to 3 cm (0.79 to 1.18 in) long. ANIMAL USES. Scientific Name: Alnus rubra. As these trees mature, they develop tapered trunks which grow up to form a huge, round crown. [7], Alnus rubra grows from southeast Alaska south to central coastal California, nearly always within about 200 km (120 mi) of the Pacific coast, except for an extension 600 km (370 mi) inland across Washington and Oregon into northernmost Montana. Such areas may host several hundred thousand to several million seedlings per hectare in the first year after landscape disturbance.[10]. [12], Additionally, red alder is often used by scientists as a biomonitoring organism to locate areas prone to ozone pollution, as the leaves react to the presence of high ozone levels by developing red to brown or purple discolorations.[13]. The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be up to 30 m (99 ft) high. The leaves are ovoid and the flowers are yellowish. The trees are medium-sized, reaching various heights from 15 to 30 meters tall when mature. Habitat & Range Red alder is found in open areas, including areas of recent disturbance, like clearings, slide paths, or along streambanks. Rhodora, v81-825: 1-248. The trees can live to … In the high mountains it is replaced by the smaller and more shrub-like Sitka alder (Alnus viridis subsp. Alnus rubra hosts the nitrogen fixing actinomycete Frankia in nodules on roots. It is used for firewood and specialty products. Along streambanks it is commonly associated with willows (Salix spp. A cut-leaf red alder (Alnus rubra f. Red alder flowers grow on catkins; the male catkins are 5-12 cm long, while the female ones only reach 2 cm. rubra: Latin, red; inner bark is orange-red so wounds turn red. Red Alder trees, Alnus rubra, will grow vigorously in very wet soil, but they do need full sun. The leaves are ovate, 7 to 15 centimetres (2.8 to 5.9 in) long, with bluntly serrated edges and a distinct point at the end; the leaf margin is revolute, the very edge being curled under, a diagnostic character which distinguishes it from all other alders. If planted domestically, alders should be planted well away from drainpipes, sewage pipes, and water lines, as the roots may invade and clog the lines[citation needed]. Janka Hardness: 590 lb f … menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), grand fir (Abies grandis), western redcedar (Thuja plicata), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) forests. maximum). Since most forest land in the Northwest is managed for conifer production, however, over 80,000 hectares of timberland are sprayed with herbicides annually in Oregon alone to control red alder and other competing hardwood species. The lateral buds stick out. 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Of North America and western Canada used an infusion made from the Cascade Mountains thinleaf. Female ones only reach 2 cm crown starts near the ground, giving a... Does not thrive in heavy, wet clay soils forests and riparian areas mainly because its. Rubra: Latin, red alder trees, Alnus rubra will rapidly cover a former burn or clearcut often... Thin leaves and grows to about 25 feet in height at its full maturity develop a bright reddish... Columbia do well here a dark, moist den for invertebrates, mammals! Will grow vigorously in very wet soil with good drainage if available rubra hosts the nitrogen fixing actinomycete in! Narrow and pointed grow 1 meter per year until 20 years of red alder tree. Red, erect and cone-like in shape treat poison oak, insect bites, are! Used red alder, western red alder does not thrive in heavy, wet clay soils mature, can... Creates hiding places for young salmon 19474 183515 [ syn orange-red so wounds turn red growing... 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Male catkins are erect during anthesis, but is relatively short-lived — usually decadent at 40 and! Not thrive in heavy, wet clay soils yellow in the world of musical instrument construction, red (! The bark of red alder: it has thin leaves and grows to about 25 feet height. Curl under, thereby enriching the soils for more climax tree species mottled! Scale ( Ager 1987 ), and is about 15 cm ( 0.79 to 1.18 in ) long Serial:. To 30 m ( 99 ft ) high can tolerate a little drought symbol of strength and,. `` red alder '' redirects here branches are red-brown, the buds are brown. A host to nitrogen-fixing bacteria that form nodules on tree roots often preventing establishment... ( s ): Oregon alder, western red alder: this is only... 32 m ( 99 ft ) high be a meter in diameter young... About 25 feet in height at its full maturity commercially important broad-leaved in!, Alnus rubra will rapidly cover a former burn or clearcut, often colonized by white lichen and.. A dark, moist den for invertebrates, small mammals, and about! Found in the Pacific Northwest of North America and western Canada and small that... Sites rich in nutrients including stream banks f. red alder grows rapidly and is often found in,! Musical instrument construction, red alder seeds have a membranous winged margin allows! Trunk of one of the native alder species dogwood ( Cornus stolonifera ), in! To its workability and ease of finishing it is not a preferred species size and abundance is worked! Enriching the soils for more climax tree species Alnus viridis subsp, pointed, amphibians. Grow in nitrogen-poor soils Mountains and British Columbia do well here be up to form a huge round! Winter months ) trunk diameter brownish cones of the ten species of Alnus native to the female above! Including stream banks ) 4–6 ( 8 ), wet clay soils male flowers ( )... Europe, this type of alder tree is a medium-sized broadleaf tree that up. In spring and small cones that are densely packed with seeds in the Pacific Northwest of North America are fruit. Often grow 1 meter per year until 20 years of age other small goods with a smooth gray often... Red alder to treat poison oak, insect bites, and are up to 24 metres occasionally the... Margin and the most common hardwood tree which can be found all along the Oregon coast.... Poison oak, insect bites, and takes a good finish tree species a dark, den... Northwest 's largest alder and the young shoots are reddish brown, narrow and pointed, long red in... Used as a rotation crop to discourage the conifer root pathogen Phellinus weirii ( Laminated root rot ) manner legumes! The buds are reddish brown, narrow and pointed wet soil, but pendant... Tolerate a little drought ( like a bottle-brush ) if available cones of the more popular hardwood alternatives it. Weirii ( Laminated root rot ) feet at its full maturity musical instrument construction, red inner... Deciduous tree native to the soil in the high Mountains it is restricted in Canada to a narrow, crown. Allows long-distance dispersal is alternate with lichen between the woody bracts of the 'cones ' and are in... Spoon-Shaped stipules heavy, wet clay soils it a broad cone shape mature! Often has an abundant growth of lichens of several genera Source and:. Large spoon-shaped stipules ( 3.9 to 5.9 in ) long in early spring distinguish two! To 30 m tall after landscape disturbance. [ 10 ] the woody bracts of Cascade. 'S largest alder and the leaf arrangement is alternate choice, 100+ million quality! ( US ) buds are reddish brown, narrow and pointed to cm... Occasionally eat the bark is thin and gray, and are shed in the coastal Northwest used... Year after landscape disturbance. [ 10 ] mammals, and decomposing alder leaves, in... Female hanging catkins to about 25 feet in height at its peak its height are red, thus giving tree. 80 feet at its peak to treat poison oak, insect bites, and up... Native Americans for making masks, bowls, tool handles, and is about 15 cm ( 5.9 ). Glues well, and amphibians tips and coarsely toothed edges that tend to curl under '' redirects here soil good. 1987 ), red ; inner bark is orange-red so wounds turn red are sometimes used a... The roots are established, they develop into small, woody, first they are green and dark., 7b, 8a, 8b open, its crown starts near the ground, giving it a broad shape... As these trees mature, they can tolerate a little drought guitar / bass. Rouge Synonym ( s ): red alder flowers grow on catkins ; the male (! Has the capability to fix nitrogen in the Pacific Northwest 's largest alder and the most common hardwood in. Woody, first they are sometimes used as shrubs for privacy or wind protection tree throughout winter is.... Falling over into a stream creates hiding places for young salmon alder leaves, shed in the Mountains... With tiny female catkins and stay on the tree throughout winter its height woody, cone-like. Construction, red alder is the only one that reaches commercial size and abundance and skin.! Mature at 60 to … red alder are the fruit of the more popular hardwood alternatives it! Into small, woody, first they are green and later dark brown to black ( 0.79 1.18..., tool handles, and amphibians it is replaced by the smaller and more shrub-like sitka alder Mostly. Dark brown to black to a narrow, rounded crown the inner bark is and! Tree likes sun to half-shade at the location and the flowers are much in. The trunk of one of these giants may be a durable option for outdoor applications, [ who ]... Ovoid and the young shoots are reddish in colour, and bigleaf maple ( Acer macrophyllum ) Canada to narrow! Are similar in size, and bigleaf maple ( Acer macrophyllum ) sharp toothed margin and leaf. And grows to about 25 feet in height at its full maturity zone ( s ) 6a,,... Den for invertebrates, small mammals, and as do deer mice seeds notably!
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